Microbial biogeography of public restroom surfaces

Using high-throughput barcoded pyrosequencing of the 16 S. We explored the biogeographical patterns exhibited by bacteria across ten surfaces within each of twelve public restrooms.

Lauber Jesse Stombaugh Rob Knight Noah Fierer.

Microbial biogeography of public restroom surfaces. More generally this work is relevant to the public health field as we show that human-associated microbes are commonly found on restroom surfaces suggesting that bacterial pathogens could readily be transmitted between individuals by the touching of surfaces. Furthermore we demonstrate that we can use high-throughput analyses of bacterial communities to determine sources of bacteria. We explored the biogeographical patterns exhibited by bacteria across ten surfaces within each of twelve public restrooms.

Using high-throughput barcoded pyrosequencing of the 16 S rRNA gene we identified 19 bacterial phyla across all surfaces. Most sequences belonged to four phyla. Actinobacteria Bacteriodetes Firmicutes and Proteobacteria.

The communities clustered into three general. We explored the biogeographical patterns exhibited by bacteria across ten surfaces within each of twelve public restrooms. Using high-throughput barcoded pyrosequencing of the 16 S.

Overall these results demonstrate that like other indoor environments that have been examined the microbial communities associated with public restroom surfaces are predominantly composed of humanassociated bacteriaComparisons of the bacterial communities on different restroom surfaces revealed that the communities clustered into three general categories. Those communities found on toilet surfaces the seat and flush handle those communities on the restroom floor and those communities. Overall these results demonstrate that restroom surfaces host relatively diverse microbial communities dominated by human-associated bacteria with clear linkages between communities on or in different body sites and those communities found on restroom surfaces.

More generally this work is relevant to the public health field as we show that human-associated microbes are commonly found on restroom surfaces suggesting that bacterial. Microbial Biogeography of Public Restroom Surfaces Gilberto E. Bates1 Dan Knights2 Christian L.

Lauber1 Jesse Stombaugh3 Rob Knight34 Noah Fierer15 1Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science University of Colorado Boulder Colorado United States of America 2Department of Computer Science. We explored the biogeographical patterns exhibited by bacteria across ten surfaces within each of twelve public restrooms. Using high-throughput barcoded pyrosequencing of the 16 S rRNA gene we identified 19 bacterial phyla across all surfaces.

Most sequences belonged to four phyla. Actinobacteria Bacteriodetes Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. We explored the biogeographical patterns exhibited by bacteria across ten surfaces within each of twelve public restrooms.

Microbial Biogeography of Public Restroom Surfaces PLOS ONE Nov 2011 Gilberto E. Flores Scott T. Bates Dan Knights Christian L.

Lauber Jesse Stombaugh Rob Knight Noah Fierer. We explored the biogeographical patterns exhibited by bacteria across ten surfaces within each of twelve public restrooms. Using high-throughput barcoded pyrosequencing of the 16 S rRNA gene we identified 19 bacterial phyla across all surfaces.

Most sequences belonged to four phyla. Actinobacteria Bacteriodetes Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The communities clustered into three.

We spend the majority of our lives indoors where we are constantly exposed to bacteria residing on surfaces. However the diversity of these. Cartoon illustrations of the relative abundance of discriminating taxa on public restroom surfaces.

Light blue indicates low abundance while dark blue indicates high abundance of taxa. A Although skin-associated taxa Propionibacteriaceae Corynebacteriaceae Staphylococcaceae and Streptococcaceae were abundant on all surfaces they were relatively more abundant on surfaces. Microbial Biogeography of Public Restroom Surfaces By Flores Gilberto E Bates Scott T Knights Dan Lauber Christian L Stombaugh Jesse Knight Rob and Fierer Noah Cite.

Microbial Biogeography of Public Restroom Surfaces Published in. PLoS ONE November 2011 DOI. Bates Dan Knights Christian L.

Lauber Jesse Stombaugh Rob Knight Noah Fierer Abstract. We spend the majority of our lives indoors where we are constantly exposed to bacteria residing on surfaces. Adshelpatcfaharvardedu The ADS is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory under NASA Cooperative Agreement NNX16AC86A.

We explored the biogeographical patterns exhibited by bacteria across ten surfaces within each of twelve public restrooms. Using high-throughput barcoded pyrosequencing of the 16 S rRNA gene we identified 19 bacterial phyla across all surfaces. Most sequences belonged to four phyla.

Actinobacteria Bacteriodetes Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The communities clustered into three general. Original Figure caption quoted here.

Taxonomic composition of bacterial communities associated with public restroom surfacesA Average composition of bacterial communities associated with restroom surfaces and potential source environments. B Taxonomic differences were observed between some surfaces in male and female restrooms. Only the 19 most abundant taxa are shown.

We spend the majority of our lives indoors where we are constantly exposed to bacteria residing on surfaces. However the diversity of these surface-associated communities is largely unknown. We explored the biogeographical patterns exhibited by bacteria across ten surfaces within each of twelve public restrooms.

Using high-throughput barcoded pyrosequencing of the 16 S rRNA gene we. Indeed recent studies focusing on the built environment found that public restroom surfaces host diverse microbial communities that are primarily composed of human-associated organisms. This suggests that microorganisms on skin are deposited during short periods of contact.

This is further supported by the finding that microorganisms deposited on computer keyboards resemble those from.