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In this review we aim to discuss the impact of obesity on the various aspects of female reproductive function with focus on the clinical aspects of fertility problems in obese women. Obesity could contribute to infertility and malignancies of the reproductive system by an altered microenvironment that favors epigenetic changes that increase the susceptibility for inducing and cementing a disease state.
Bruni et al 1985.
Effects of obesity on reproductive system. The reproductive problems associated with obesity encompasses a wide range of disorders including infertility problems miscarriage and pregnancy complications. In this review we aim to discuss. Obesity has significant consequences for the reproductive system depending upon the amount and distribution of body fat.
Epidemiological evidence clearly shows that being overweight contributes to menstrual disorders infertility miscarriage poor pregnancy outcome impaired fetal well-being and diabetes mellitus. The reproductive problems associated with obesity encompasses a wide range of disorders including infertility problems miscarriage and pregnancy complications. In this review we aim to discuss the impact of obesity on the various aspects of female reproductive function with focus on the clinical aspects of fertility problems in obese women.
Obesity produces a variety of alterations in the reproductive system and similarly manipulations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis produce changes in food intake body weight and fat distribution. In men the primary effects of obesity are a weight related reduction in testosterone and with massive overweight a reduction in free testosterone. In females the weight-related development of.
Generally obesity affects the male reproductive system at pre-testicular testicular and the post-testicular levels leading to impaired male reproductive and fertility potentials which are. Obesity produces a variety of alterations in the reproductive system and similarly manipulations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis produce changes in food intake body weight and fat distribution. In men the primary effects of obesity are a weight related reduction testosterone and with massive overweight reduction in free.
Obesity could contribute to infertility and malignancies of the reproductive system by an altered microenvironment that favors epigenetic changes that increase the susceptibility for inducing and cementing a disease state. In addition epigenetic changes induced by environmental stressors can increase the susceptibility to obesity with the consequent dys-regulation of the obesity-related factors. Obesity is associated with infertility and poor obstetric outcomes.
The current trends of advanced maternal age and rising obesity rates contribute indirectly to the growing demand for fertility treatment and assisted reproduction treatment ART posing clinical and ethical dilemmas for fertility service providers. Effects of obesity on female fertility have been studied extensively. Obesity in women is known to contribute to anovulation a reduced conception rate and an increased risk of miscarriage and prenatal complication.
Weight loss in anovulatory women restores fertility and increases the likelihood of ovulation and conception. The impact of obesity on reproductive function especially associated with ovulatory disorders is mainly due to neuroendocrine mechanisms which interfere with ovarian functions and are able to affect the ovulation rate and the endometrial receptivity. Obese women even with normal menstrual cycles and apparently normal fertility have lower circulating levels of gonadotropins.
Obesity is a common problem among women of reproductive age and is associated with numerous reproductive sequelae including anovulation irregular menses subfertility miscarriage and adverse pregnancy outcomes with lasting effects for children. Obesity and reproductive disorders in women Renato Pasquali1 Carla Pelusi Silvia Genghini. The reproductive system remains pre-pubertal ORailly 1998.
Several studies have repeatedly reported that the age of menarche generally occurs at a younger age in obese girls than in normal-weight girls Montemagno et al 1979. Bruni et al 1985. Just as the onset of menarche is earlier in.
Early onset of obesity particularly during adolescence favours the development of menses irregularities chronic oligo-anovulation and infertility in adulthood. Moreover obesity in women can increase the risk of miscarriage and impair the outcome of assisted reproductive technologies. Testosterone is primarily important for the production of sperms and to maintain a healthy male reproductive system.
Obesity can cause decreased levels of testosterone and can also increase estrogen hormones in some men. Such hormonal imbalances caused by obesity can result in poor semen quality and thus affect male fertility and pregnancy. 16 Reproductive system.
Obesity reduces fertility in both men and women. For women being obese before getting pregnant increases the risk of pregnancy complications like high blood pressure pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes.