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International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases. 1Department of Cell Biology and Medicine Diabetes Research and Training Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1300 Morris Park Ave Bronx NY 10461 USA.
Adipose tissue functions as a key endocrine organ by releasing multiple bioactive substances known as adipose-derived secreted factors or adipokines that have pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory.
Adipokines in inflammation and metabolic disease. Inflammatory factors are secreted by metabolically dysfunctional adipocytes and innate immune cells that infiltrate obese adipose tissues. Anti-inflammatory adipokines are secreted by. Adipokines in inflammation and metabolic disease.
Obesity has become a major worldwide health prob- lem not least because it is strongly associated with a number of diseases including insulin resistance type 2 diabetes atherosclerosis and ischaemic heart disease that reduce life expectancy and together have huge economic and societal. Metabolic imbalance triggers systemic and central inflammation and induces excessive accumulation of adipose tissue involving increased secretion of adipokines 44. Dysregulated production or secretion of these adipokines owing to adipose tissue dysfunction can contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-linked complications.
In this Review we focus on the role of adipokines in inflammatory responses and discuss their potential as regulators of metabolic function. Dysregulated production or secretion of these adipokines owing to adipose tissue dysfunction can contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity-linked complications. In this Review we focus on the role of adipokines in inflammatory responses and discuss their potential as regulators of metabolic function.
The adipokines possess pro- and anti-inflammatory properties and play a critical role in integrating systemic metabolism with immune function. In calorie restriction and starvation proinflammatory adipokines decline and anti-inflammatory adipokines increase which informs the host of energy deficits and contributes to the suppression of immune function. Accumulating evidence indicates that obesity causes chronic low-grade inflammation and that this contributes to systemic metabolic dysfunction that is associated with obesity-linked disorders.
Adipose tissue functions as a key endocrine organ by releasing multiple bioactive substances known as adipose-derived secreted factors or adipokines that have pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory. The vital link between inflammation and metabolic syndrome is mediated by substances secreted from adipose tissue known as adipokines. These have pleotropic effects and their levels are altered in obesity.
The list of adipokines has been ever expanding but the more explored ones are leptin adiponectin resistin and visfatin. Growing studies have highlighted that these bioactive molecules may contribute to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Adipokines exert sys-temic metabolic effects and.
The delicate balance between fat and muscle. Adipokines in metabolic disease and musculoskeletal inflammation. Nawrocki AR1 Scherer PE.
1Department of Cell Biology and Medicine Diabetes Research and Training Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1300 Morris Park Ave Bronx NY 10461 USA. Accumulating evidence indicates that obesity causes chronic low-grade inflammation and that this contributes to systemic metabolic dysfunction that is associated with obesity-linked disorders. Adipose tissue functions as a key endocrine organ by releasing multiple bioactive substances known as adipose-derived secreted factors or adipokines that have pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory.
Adipokines are pleiotropic molecules that contribute to the so-called low-grade inflammatory state of obese subjects creating a cluster of metabolic aberrations including autoimmune and inflammatory diseases that affect joints and bone 41. Adipokines may serve as markers for the early diagnosis of metabolic cardiovascular inflammatory or malignant diseases. Obesity increases the risk for metabolic cardiovascular chronic inflammatory and several malignant diseases and therefore may contribute to shortened lifespan.
Adipokines are peptides that signal the functional status of. Adipokines in inflammation and metabolic disease. 21 Jan 2011.
International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases. Volume 19 Issue 7 p. Two recently discovered adipokines adiponectin and resistin have been implicated as modulators of glucose and lipid metabolism in muscle and in the liver.
Although genetic or acquired hypoadiponectinemia has been associated with susceptibility to insulin resistance and diabetes in many different patient cohorts the role of resistin in human energy metabolism is less clear. A wide body of evidence showed that adipokines play a critical role in various biological and physiological functions among which feeding modulation inflammatory and immune function glucose and lipid metabolism and blood pressure control. Most adipokines are proinflammatory whereas a small number of anti-inflammatory adipokines including adiponectin exert beneficial actions on obese complications.
The dysregulated production of adipokines seen in obesity is linked to the pathogenesis of various disease processes.